Four articles in Yad Vashem Studies, volume 43, no. 1, analyze aspects of the key issue of human behavior during the Holocaust - Guy Miron (the impact of waiting on German Jewry); Anna Hájková (Dutch and German Jews from Holland in Theresienstadt); Jan Grabowski ('bystanders' in Eastern Europe); and Sara Bender (Jews in the shtetl Staszów). Other subjects examined include: the development of Yad Vashem s synagogue (Doron Bar); and reviews of new research on France (Shannon Fogg on Daniel Lee), Poland (Jacek Leociak on Rachel Feldhay Brenner), the first weeks of mass murder in the USSR (Jeffrey Kopstein on Witold Medykowski), and Romania (Mariana Hausleitner and Ronit Fisher, each on two books). The issue is dedicated to the memory of Martin Gilbert, Ze'ev Mankowitz, and Feliks Tych, with articles on them by Bernard Wasserstein, Gideon Shimoni, and Eleonora Bergman and Monika Adamczyk-Garbowska respectively.